Cognitive disorders are conditions that affect a person’s ability to think, remember, reason, and make decisions. These disorders are more commonly observed in elderly individuals due to the natural ageing process and an increased risk of certain neurological conditions. Here are some of the most common cognitive disorders experienced by older adults.
Alzheimer’s disease
It is the most prevalent cognitive disorder among the elderly. It is a progressive and irreversible brain disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behaviour. Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease may experience difficulty in recalling recent events, have problems with language, and exhibit changes in personality and mood. As the disease progresses, it can significantly impact a person’s ability to carry out daily activities independently.
Vascular dementia
It is caused by damage to the brain’s blood vessels, often due to stroke or other conditions that impair blood flow to the brain. The symptoms of vascular dementia can vary but commonly include difficulties with decision-making, problem-solving, and concentration. Memory loss may or may not be present, depending on the areas of the brain affected.
Lewy Body Dementia
It is characterised by the presence of abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. It shares symptoms with both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. People with Lewy body dementia often experience cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, movement problems, and sleep disturbances. Memory impairment may not be as prominent in the early stages.
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
This kind of dementia primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to changes in personality, behaviour, and language skills. The symptoms can vary widely but often include a decline in social conduct, impulsivity, apathy, and language difficulties. Memory problems may be less prominent in the early stages of FTD compared to other types of dementia.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
It refers to a noticeable decline in cognitive abilities that is greater than expected for a person’s age but does not meet the criteria for dementia. MCI can affect memory, language, attention, and other cognitive functions. While some individuals with MCI may progress to dementia, others may remain stable or even improve.
It is important to note that cognitive disorders in older adults can have a significant impact on their overall well-being and independence. Early detection, diagnosis, and appropriate management can help individuals and their families navigate these conditions more effectively. Medical professionals, including neurologists and geriatricians, play a crucial role in assessing and providing appropriate care for those experiencing cognitive disorders in their later years. Additionally, providing a supportive and understanding environment can greatly enhance the quality of life for individuals with these conditions.